Oasis n. 25, Who Speaks for Muslims?

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The Qur’an as a Political Programme - Asma Afsaruddin The Islamists appropriate the sacred texts in order to construct their concept of theo-democratic government and divine sovereignty. They ignore the various a-political interpretations that can be found in the oldest sources. How the Shi‘ite Clergy Entered Politics - Rainer Brunner Shia Islam saw the role of the ulama grow uninterruptedly until a real hierarchy, dominated by the marja‘iyya, was created. After the Khomeinist revolution, this institution entered into competition with the office of the Supreme Iranian Leader. Today, it is at a crossroads. The Sufis’ Soft Power - Rainer Brunner Friendship with God is the source of sanctity and of true authority. In the mystical texts, it is compared to the trunk of a tree with many branches: each one produces a force that is transformed into a leadership. Fatwas as a Weapon against Fanaticism - Ridwan al-Sayyid In a world where forms of extremism are spreading, governments...

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